Element

Element (element)
n.	(?)
El"e*ment
[F. élément, L. elementum.]

One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.

One of the ultimate, undecomposable constituents of any kind of matter. Specifically: (Chem.) A substance which cannot be decomposed into different kinds of matter by any means at present employed; as, the elements of water are oxygen and hydrogen.

* The elements are naturally classified in several families or groups, as the group of the alkaline elements, the halogen group, and the like. They are roughly divided into two great classes, the metals, as sodium, calcium, etc., which form basic compounds, and the nonmetals or metalloids, as oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, which form acid compounds; but the distinction is only relative, and some, as arsenic, tin, aluminium, etc., form both acid and basic compounds. The essential fact regarding every element is its relative atomic weight or equivalent. When the elements are tabulated in the order of their ascending atomic weights, the arrangement constitutes the series of the Periodic law of Mendelejeff. See Periodic law, under Periodic. This Periodic law enables us to predict the qualities of unknown elements. The number of elements known is about seventy-five, but the gaps in the Periodic law indicate the possibility of many more. Many of the elements with which we are familiar, as hydrogen, carbon, iron, gold, etc., have been recognized, by means of spectrum analysis, in the sun and the fixed stars. From certain evidence (as that afforded by the Periodic law, spectrum analysis, etc.) it appears that the chemical elements probably may not be simple bodies, but only very stable compounds of some simpler body or bodies. In formulas, the elements are designated by abbreviations of their names in Latin or New Latin.

The Elements
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Name ]Sym-]Atomic Weight]
]bol ] O=16 ] H=1 ]
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Aluminum ] Al ] 27.1 ] 26.9]
Antimony(Stibium)
Argon
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium (see Glucinum)
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Caesium
Calcium
Carbon
Cerium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Columbium
Copper (Cuprum)
Erbium
Fluorine
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Glucinum
Gold
Helium
Hydrogen
Indium
Iodine
Iridium
Iron (Ferrum)
Krypton
Lanthanum
Lead (Plumbum)
Lithium
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury (Hydrargyrum)
Molybdenum
Neodymium
Neon
Nickel
Niobium (see Columbium)
Nirogen
Osmium
Oxygen
Palladium
Phosphorus
Platinum
Potassium (Kalium)
Praseodymium
Rhodium
Rubidium
Ruthenium

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The Elements -- continued
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Name
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver (Argentum)
Sodium (Natrium)
Strontium
Sulphur
Tantalum
Tellurium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin (Stannum)
Titanium
Tungsten (Wolframium)
Uranium
Vanadium
Wolfranium (see Tungsten)
Xenon
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium
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Several other elements have been announced, as holmium, vesbium, austrium, etc., but their properties, and in some cases their existence, have not yet been definitely established.

One of the ultimate parts which are variously combined in anything; as, letters are the elements of written language; hence, also, a simple portion of that which is complex, as a shaft, lever, wheel, or any simple part in a machine; one of the essential ingredients of any mixture; a constituent part; as, quartz, feldspar, and mica are the elements of granite.

The simplicity which is so large an element in a noble nature was laughed to scorn. Jowett (Thucyd.).

One out of several parts combined in a system of aggregation, when each is of the nature of the whole; as, a single cell is an element of the honeycomb.

(b) (Anat.)

One of the simplest essential parts, more commonly called cells, of which animal and vegetable organisms, or their tissues and organs, are composed.

An infinitesimal part of anything of the same nature as the entire magnitude considered; as, in a solid an element may be the infinitesimal portion between any two planes that are separated an indefinitely small distance. In the calculus, element is sometimes used as synonymous with differential.
(b)

One of the necessary data or values upon which a system of calculations depends, or general conclusions are based; as, the elements of a planet's orbit.

The simplest or fundamental principles of any system in philosophy, science, or art; rudiments; as, the elements of geometry, or of music.

Any outline or sketch, regarded as containing the fundamental ideas or features of the thing in question; as, the elements of a plan.

One of the simple substances, as supposed by the ancient philosophers; one of the imaginary principles of matter.
(a)

The whole material composing the world.
The elements shall melt with fervent heat. 2 Peter iii. 10.

The bread and wine used in the eucharist or Lord's supper.
Magnetic element, one of the hypothetical elementary portions of which a magnet is regarded as made up.